Civil law is the essential part of private law which regulates material and, partly, private relationships between natural persons, legal persons, and organizational units which are not legal persons but have legal personality. It also comprises judicial condition of persons and things within civil-law relationships and rights liabilities of the units within such relationships.
Civil Code is the legal basis for civil law. Within civil law there exist general civil law, property law, inheritance law, law of obligations and family law. General law comprises all matters common for all branches of civil law including judicial proceedings and personal law.
Property law
Property law regulates mainly origin, contents, alteration and termination of rights to possess things and animals. It is unreserved law which refers to everyone and is regulated by numerous laws – Civil Code, Act on Ownership and Act on Land and Mortgage Registers and on Mortgage. In the norms listed properties are divided into realty and personal property.
Inheritance law comprises regulations of inheriting, transition and termination of rights and liabilities concerning inheritance, from the late owner (testator) on the heirs. Rights and liabilities concerning property, such as property law, debts an loans do not expire after the owner dies but, as inheritance, are transferred on heirs. Inheritance law states, who is entitled to the inheritance, basing on the testator’s last will or family relationship between the testator and heirs. This branch of law regulates also matters of accepting and rejecting an inheritance, taking financial liabilities over and division of an inheritance.
Law of obligations
Law of obligations comprises rules of exchange of goods and services between units. Obligation is a legal relationship which means, that a creditor is enabled to require having particular service rendered by the debtor. The service may mean undertaking particular activities like performing an action or paying a sum of money or forbearing from an activity, which the debtor is usually obliged to do. The creditor may demand having the activity done and enforcement of the service. Law of obligations contains the general part comprising all relationships of units and details which comprise particular types of obligations.
Family law
Family Law comprises laws which regulate material and non-material relationships within a family, the principles it functions and exists on, and relationships between family members and also between family members and other persons. Civil Code, Family and Guardianship Code and detailed laws regulate family law. Constitutional Treaty of the EU also contains family law which comprises the right to get married, for religious and cultural variety, the principle of non-discrimination, child’s rights and matters of equality of rights of men and women. Family law determines also the principles of adoption, child care and alimony obligation.
Proceedings in the field of civil law may concern inheritance, real estate, disputes between contracting parties, protection of property rights and family matters. Corporate Law Advisers Firm offer a wide range of services comprising all branches of civil law. We guarantee professional legal counselling. We support our clients at every stage of the case. Our lawyers prepare applications and claims and also represent our clients in court and administrative court. We support our clients in settling extrajudicial disputes. Each case is treated individually, we analyse it thoroughly and suggest solutions which are most beneficial for our client.
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